The Department of Mathematics at Al-Zahraa University for Women, in collaboration with the College of Education for Pure Science at the University of Babylon, organized a scientific lecture entitled:

“Kindness from the Perspective of Mathematics – A Reflection on the Puzzle of Altruism”, held on the morning of December 20, 2021.

The lecture, delivered by Prof. Dr. Iman Sameer Bahiyah, addressed Darwin’s enduring questions—ones that awaited the tools of mathematics unavailable in his time. Among these questions: How does altruistic behavior evolve in individuals?

The discussion explored how Darwin’s inquiry can be proven mathematically, drawing on his suggestion that altruism can evolve when natural selection operates at a level higher than the individual. In this framework, altruistic behavior develops for the benefit of the community as a whole.